{"id":23469,"date":"2021-05-26T10:41:05","date_gmt":"2021-05-26T07:41:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crjm.org\/?p=23469"},"modified":"2021-07-02T12:46:42","modified_gmt":"2021-07-02T09:46:42","slug":"inainte-si-dupa-pandemia-covid-19-provocari-si-oportunitati-pentru-drepturile-digitale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.crjm.org\/en\/inainte-si-dupa-pandemia-covid-19-provocari-si-oportunitati-pentru-drepturile-digitale\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cenainte \u0219i dup\u0103 pandemia COVID-19 &#8211; provoc\u0103ri \u0219i oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru drepturile digitale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Suntem \u00een prim\u0103vara anului 2021, iar pandemia COVID-19 nu d\u0103 semne de retragere. Chiar dac\u0103 procesul de vaccinare a \u00eenceput \u0219i \u00een Republica Moldova, comunitatea global\u0103 ne transmite semnale c\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 e devreme s\u0103 sl\u0103bim garda. \u00cen pofida eforturilor de preven\u021bie \u0219i imunizare, unele state se confrunt\u0103 deja cu cel de-al treilea sau chiar al patrulea val de pandemie. \u00a0Potrivit estim\u0103rilor, este posibil ca multe \u021b\u0103ri cu venituri mici, inclusiv Moldova s\u0103 nu dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 pandemia p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului 2022<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dincolo de implica\u021biile pe care le comport\u0103 pandemia asupra sistemului de s\u0103n\u0103tate, pandemia are efecte adverse inclusiv asupra drepturilor omului. Sub pretextul restric\u021biilor legate de COVID-19, mai multe guverne din \u00eentreaga lume, au ac\u021bionat pentru a limita libert\u0103\u021bile fundamentale \u0219i spa\u021biul societ\u0103\u021bii civile. Potrivit ICNL<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> COVID-19 Civic Freedom Tracker, peste 140 de \u021b\u0103ri din \u00eentreaga lume au ini\u021biat diverse m\u0103suri legislative care limiteaz\u0103 libertatea de \u00eentrunire, asociere, libertatea de exprimare sau care aduc ingerin\u021be \u00een via\u021ba privat\u0103 a persoanelor.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Institutul Interna\u021bional pentru Democra\u021bie \u0219i Asisten\u021b\u0103 Electoral\u0103 (International IDEA), organiza\u021bie interguvernamental\u0103 care sprijin\u0103 democra\u021bia durabil\u0103 la nivel mondial, constat\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een \u021b\u0103rile europene<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>, principalele trei provoc\u0103ri cauzate de pandemie se refer\u0103 \u00een special la:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reducerea libert\u0103\u021bilor civile, inclusiv a libert\u0103\u021bii de exprimare, asociere sau libertatea \u00eentrunirilor;<\/li>\n<li>Perturbarea cicluri electorale, inclusiv am\u00e2narea sau suspendarea desf\u0103\u0219ur\u0103rii alegerilor;<\/li>\n<li>Cre\u0219terea cazurilor privind violen\u021ba \u00een familie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Republica Moldova nu este o excep\u021bie. Parlamentul de la Chi\u0219in\u0103u a instituit stare de urgen\u021b\u0103 \u00een luna martie 2021 pentru a am\u00e2na desf\u0103\u0219urarea alegerilor anticipate parlamentare, ac\u021biune anulat\u0103 subsecvent de c\u0103tre Curtea Constitu\u021bional\u0103.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> Potrivit informa\u021biilor Centrului Interna\u021bional \u201eLa Strada\u201d, pandemia a acutizat situa\u021bia victimelor violen\u021bei in familie, or posibilit\u0103\u021bile de a raporta cazurile de violen\u021b\u0103 prin sesizarea poli\u021biei au fost mult prea limitate sau chiar imposibile.<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te reducerea libert\u0103\u021bilor civile, Potrivit raportului Avocatului poporului privind respectarea drepturilor \u0219i libert\u0103\u021bilor omului \u00een Republica Moldova, \u00een pandemie, autorit\u0103\u021bile, \u00een lini mari, nu au \u021binut cont de abord\u0103ri bazate pe drepturile omului. Aceasta a condus la inclusiv la ad\u00e2ncirea s\u0103r\u0103ciei, cre\u0219terea inegalit\u0103\u021bilor, discrimin\u0103ri structurale \u0219i consolidate \u0219i la \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021birea situa\u021biei privind drepturile omului. <a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> \u00a0\u00cen acela\u0219i timp, deciziile Comisiei excep\u021bionale pentru situa\u021bii Excep\u021bionale a Republicii Moldova au con\u021binut un \u0219ir de abateri dispropor\u021bionate de la normele legale privind accesul la justi\u021bie, derogarea de la prevederile Codului de Procedur\u0103 Civil\u0103, Codului Administrativ, Codului muncii, Codului vamal, etc. Majoritatea acestor abateri \u0219i derog\u0103ri au fost totu\u0219i remediate ulterior, se remarc\u0103 \u00een raportul Avocatului poporului.<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen continuare, potrivit exper\u021bilor<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a> pandemia va solicita din partea guvernelor m\u0103suri rapide \u0219i eficiente. Aceasta poate conduce la o utilizare sporit\u0103 de c\u0103tre guverne a tehnologiilor digitale pentru a combate r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea virusului. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, \u0219i persoanele obi\u0219nuite vor fi tot mai dependente de utilizarea tehnologiilor digitale pentru a-\u0219i exercita drepturile fundamentale.<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a> \u00cen aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103, tot mai relevante devin discu\u021biile privind necesitatea protej\u0103rii drepturile digitale.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ce sunt drepturile digitale? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 drepturile \u201eclasice\u201d precum libertatea de exprimare sau libertatea de asociere, \u00een comunitatea interna\u021bional\u0103 se discut\u0103, cu prilejul pandemiei inclusiv, despre drepturile digitale. \u00cen contextul pandemiei, discu\u021biile privind relevan\u021ba protej\u0103rii drepturilor digitale devin \u0219i mai pregnante, \u00een contextul \u00een care pandemia a creat condi\u021bii \u00een care suntem obliga\u021bi s\u0103 ne autoizol\u0103m sau s\u0103 muncim de la distan\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Drepturile digitale sunt acele drepturi ale omului \u0219i drepturile legale care permit persoanelor fizice s\u0103 acceseze, s\u0103 utilizeze, s\u0103 creeze \u0219i s\u0103 publice suporturi digitale sau s\u0103 acceseze \u0219i s\u0103 utilizeze calculatoare, alte dispozitive electronice \u0219i re\u021bele de telecomunica\u021bii. Conceptul este \u00een special legat de protec\u021bia \u0219i realizarea drepturilor existente, precum dreptul la via\u021b\u0103 privat\u0103 \u0219i libertatea de exprimare. \u00a0<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"37\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td width=\"586\">\n<p><strong>Exemple \u0219i descifrarea drepturilor digitale (Consiliul Europei)<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Accesul la internet <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u25a0 Accesul la Internet ne permite s\u0103 ne exercit\u0103m drepturile \u0219i libert\u0103\u021bile fundamentale. \u00cen calitate de principiu general, nu ar trebui s\u0103 fim deconecta\u021bi de la Internet, dec\u00e2t dac\u0103 acest lucru este decis de c\u0103tre o instan\u021b\u0103 judec\u0103toreasc\u0103. Mai mult, acces la internet<\/p>\n<p>ar trebui s\u0103 fie la pre\u021buri accesibile \u0219i egal accesibil tuturor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Libertatea de exprimare \u0219i informare<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u25a0 Suntem liberi s\u0103 ne exprim\u0103m online \u0219i s\u0103 acces\u0103m informa\u021bii \u0219i opinii, inclusiv cele care pot<\/p>\n<p>ofensa, \u0219oca sau deranja, respect\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp reputa\u021bia \u0219i intimitatea altora. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, autorit\u0103\u021bile publice au datoria de a respecta \u0219i proteja drepturile noastre. Orice restric\u021bii privind libertatea de exprimare trebuie s\u0103 urm\u0103reasc\u0103 un scop legitim \u00een conformitate cu<\/p>\n<p>Conven\u021bia European\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Protec\u021bia identit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i datelor personale<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u25a0 Putem alege s\u0103 nu ne dezv\u0103luim identitatea online, (cu excep\u021bia cauzelor \u00een care autorit\u0103\u021bile na\u021bionale confirm\u0103 \u00een instan\u021b\u0103 un interes legitim pentru a ne oblige s\u0103 facem acest lucru).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Libertatea de \u00eentrunire, asociere \u0219i participare<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u25a0 Avem libertatea de a utiliza orice site web, aplica\u021bie, sau alt serviciu disponibil pe internet. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, beneficiem de dreptul de a protesta pa\u0219nic online, singuri sau \u00eempreun\u0103 cu al\u021bi colegi \u0219i prieteni. Cu toate acestea, trebuie s\u0103 fim con\u0219tien\u021bi de faptul c\u0103 ne putem confrunta cu consecin\u021be, inclusiv juridice dac\u0103 protestul online duce la blocaje, \u00eentreruperea serviciilor<\/p>\n<p>sau deteriorarea bunurilor altor persoane.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Confiden\u021bialitate \u0219i protec\u021bia datelor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u25a0 Datele noastre personale ar trebui prelucrate numai cu consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul nostru sau doar \u00een cazurile prev\u0103zute de lege. De fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd datele noastre personale sunt prelucrate sau transferate c\u0103tre alte p\u0103r\u021bi, trebuie s\u0103 fim informa\u021bi cine c\u00e2nd, \u0219i \u00een ce scop va prelucra aceste date. Suntem \u00een drept s\u0103 ne exercit\u0103m controlul asupra datelor noastre sau s\u0103 solicit\u0103m \u0219tergerea datelor despre noi.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Guvernele, mediul de afaceri \u0219i organiza\u021biile societ\u0103\u021bii civile au deopotriv\u0103, responsabilitatea de a face partea lor pentru a atenua consecin\u021bele COVID-19. Secretarul general al ONU, Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, a declarat ca lumea post-COVID19 va fi mult mai digital\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00eenainte, iar drepturile omului \u0219i sunt esen\u021biale pentru modelarea r\u0103spunsului la pandemie.<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>R\u0103m\u00e2ne\u021bi al\u0103turi de CRJM pentru a afla mai multe detalii despre noile tehnologii \u0219i drepturile omului \u00een era digital\u0103. Ne pute\u021bi urm\u0103ri pe pagina noastr\u0103 web CRJM.org \u0219i re\u021belele de socializare\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/facebook.com\/old2.old.crjm.org\">Facebook,<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ok.ru\/crjmoldova\">OK.ru<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/CRJMoldova\">Twitter<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/legal-resources-centre-from-moldova\/\">Linkedin<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Acest articol face parte dintr-o serie de publica\u021bii non-academice realizate de Centrul de Resurse Juridice din Moldova (CRJM) \u00een cadrul proiectului \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/old2.old.crjm.org\/program-de-abilitare-privind-drepturile-digitale\/\">Program de capacitare \u00een drepturi digitale<\/a>\u201d sus\u021binut de Centrul Interna\u021bional pentru Drept non-profit (ICNL). Opiniile exprimate apar\u021bin CRJM \u015fi nu reflect\u0103 \u00een mod necesar pozi\u021bia ICNL.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Economist Intelligence Unit, 27 January 2021 \u201eMore than 85 poor countries will not have widespread access to coronavirus vaccines before 2023\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eiu.com\/n\/eiu-latest-vaccine-rollout-forecasts\/\">https:\/\/www.eiu.com\/n\/eiu-latest-vaccine-rollout-forecasts\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> ICNL \u2013 International Center for Not-profit Law: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.icnl.org\">www.icnl.org<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> ICNL COVID-19 tracker: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icnl.org\/covid19tracker\/\">https:\/\/www.icnl.org\/covid19tracker\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> IDEA International \u201eTaking Stock of Regional Democratic Trends in Europe Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic\u201d : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.idea.int\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/regional-democratic-trends-europe-before-and-during-COVID-19.pdf\">https:\/\/www.idea.int\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/regional-democratic-trends-europe-before-and-during-COVID-19.pdf<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Avizul Cur\u021bii Constitu\u021bionale din 9 iunie 2021: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.constcourt.md\/ccdocview.php?tip=avize&#038;docid=66&#038;l=ro\">https:\/\/www.constcourt.md\/ccdocview.php?tip=avize&#038;docid=66&#038;l=ro<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>Centrul La Strada \u201eR\u0103spunsul organelor de drept la cazurile de violen\u0163\u0103 \u00een familie \u00een contextul crizei COVID-19 \u00een Republica Moldova\u201d: <a href=\"http:\/\/lastrada.md\/pic\/uploaded\/Studiu_Raspuns_org_drept_RO.pdf\">http:\/\/lastrada.md\/pic\/uploaded\/Studiu_Raspuns_org_drept_RO.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Raport privind Respectarea Drepturilor \u0219i Libert\u0103\u021bilor Omului \u00een Republica Moldova \u00een Anul 2020: <a href=\"http:\/\/ombudsman.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Raport-2020-FINAL-RED.pdf\">http:\/\/ombudsman.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Raport-2020-FINAL-RED.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>Deciziile Comisiei Excep\u021bionale pot fi accesate aici: <a href=\"http:\/\/alegeri.md\/w\/Dispozi%C8%9Biile_Comisiei_pentru_Situa%C8%9Bii_Excep%C8%9Bionale_a_Republicii_Moldova\">http:\/\/alegeri.md\/w\/Dispozi%C8%9Biile_Comisiei_pentru_Situa%C8%9Bii_Excep%C8%9Bionale_a_Republicii_Moldova<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Council of Europe \u201edigital solutions to fight covid-19 2020 data protection report (2020), p. 5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Ibid. sumar executiv.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Consiliul Europei \u201eGuide to Human Rights for Internet Users\u201d (2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/1680301b6e\">https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/1680301b6e<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> UN Digital Cooperation Roadmap: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/content\/digital-cooperation-roadmap\/\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/content\/digital-cooperation-roadmap\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Suntem \u00een prim\u0103vara anului 2021, iar pandemia COVID-19 nu d\u0103 semne de retragere. Chiar dac\u0103 procesul de vaccinare a \u00eenceput \u0219i \u00een Republica Moldova, comunitatea global\u0103 ne transmite semnale c\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 e devreme s\u0103 sl\u0103bim garda. \u00cen pofida eforturilor de preven\u021bie \u0219i imunizare, unele state se confrunt\u0103 deja cu cel de-al treilea sau chiar al [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":23471,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[411],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.crjm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23469"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.crjm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.crjm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.crjm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.crjm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23469"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/old.crjm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23469\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23473,"href":"https:\/\/old.crjm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23469\/revisions\/23473"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.crjm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.crjm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.crjm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.crjm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}